Scholarly Activity Research Articles

“It would be nice to have more than basic support”: A learning needs assessment survey of midwifery faculty in low- and middle-income countries of the Asia Pacific region

BackgroundThe provision of high-quality midwifery education relies on well-prepared educators. Faculty members need professional development and support to deliver quality midwifery education. AimTo identify development needs of midwifery faculty in low- and middle-income countries of the Asia Pacific region, to inform program content and the development of guidelines for faculty development programs. MethodsAn online learning needs assessment survey was conducted with midwifery faculty from low- and middle-income countries in the Asia Pacific Region. Quantitative survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Textual data were condensed using a general inductive approach to summarise responses and establish links between research aim and findings. FindingsOne hundred and thirty-one faculty completed the survey and a high need for development in all aspects of faculty practice was identified. Development in research and publication was the top priority for faculty. Followed closely by leadership and management development, and then more traditional activities of teaching and curriculum development. Preferred mode of program delivery was a blended learning approach. DiscussionHistorically, programs of faculty development have primarily focussed on learning and teaching methods and educational development. Yet contemporary faculty members are expected to function in roles including scholarly activities of research and publication, institutional leadership and management, and program design and implementation. Unfortunately, programs of development are rarely based on identified need and fail to consider the expanded role expectation of contemporary faculty practice. ConclusionFuture midwifery faculty development programs should address the identified need for development in all expected faculty roles.

Building a robust pharmacy research program: Reflections from a large healthcare system not affiliated with a college of pharmacy

AbstractProfessional standards for academic health care system pharmacy departments and clinical pharmacists advocate for research and scholarly activities. Developing and sustaining a research program in a clinical pharmacy department is challenging. Over the span of a decade, a robust pharmacy research program was developed in an academic medical center not affiliated with a college of pharmacy. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a framework suitable for scaling research in pharmacy departments within an academic medical center. Objectives to accomplish the aim includes describing the structure and evolution of the clinical pharmacy department research program, listing measurable outputs and achievements of the pharmacists and the program and describing the barriers encountered and solutions that were enacted to overcome them. Elements critical to building and sustaining a research program in the pharmacy department included long‐term commitment from within the department, a departmental research infrastructure, support from institutional leadership, research funding from the institution, and a growth mindset in accordance with company initiatives to support evolving research needs. A research curriculum was developed for pharmacy residents and pharmacists, created electronic tools for research proposal scientific reviews and allocation of funds, and established departmental research career development awards that allowed for protected time to pursue research and professional development. Over the first 10 years of the program, publication rates grew more than three‐fold, faculty appointments and promotions increased approximately five‐fold, and pharmacist investigators obtained extramural federal funding. Further offsetting clinical workload relative to dedicated research time remains a challenge. The experience and success at this academic medical center suggest it is feasible to develop a robust, sustainable clinical pharmacy department research program.

25 years of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research (CIDRR): A modern bibliometric and Altmetrics network analysis.

Since its establishment in 1999, the journal of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research (CIDRR) has consistently disseminated notable clinical and translational research within the domain of oral implantology. As the journal approaches its milestone 25th anniversary, this study endeavors to systematically delineate the publication trends, level of evidence, and bibliometric indices characterizing the initial quarter-century of CIDRR's scholarly activity. Notably, the investigation adopts a contemporary methodology by incorporating Altmetric analysis, thereby enriching the evaluation with an assessment of the broader societal and online impact of the published research. A comprehensive search was performed in SCOPUS and PubMed to access the bibliographic data of all articles published in the journal from 1999 to 2024. Additionally, Altmetric database was used to obtain social media attention scores (AAS). Journal's overall performance via impact factor and quartile range was assessed. Most cited papers were identified and the most prolific authors, institutions and countries and the collaboration networks among those were assessed. The level of evidence of all articles was determined based on Oxford level of evidence scale. All articles were categorized based on their major topic in the field of implant dentistry. Throughout its first 25 years of activity, CIDRR published 1912 articles with an annual growth rate of 2.67% and consistently being ranked at Q1 quartile in "Dentistry (miscellaneous)" and "Oral Surgery" journal categories. When clinical studies are considered, level I and II evidence constituted 22.82% and 11.82% of all articles, respectively. Sweden, the USA, and Italy as well as Göteborgs Universitet, Sahlgrenska Akademin. and Malmö Högskola were the most prolific countries and institutions respectively. "Implant system/design/characteristics," "Bone Augmentation," and "Implant Prosthesis" were the top most investigated topics. The examination of the journal's initial 25 years highlighted that CIDRR has surpassed similar dental research journals in publishing a greater number of high-level evidence articles. It also showcased diverse country- and author-collaboration networks. However, the journal's social media presence is still evolving. This article, presenting a comprehensive overview of the journal's scientometric and bibliographic activities, serves as a valuable reference for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders, offering insights into both traditional and contemporary perspectives.

The History of the National Academy of Recreational Therapists: 2011–2021

The profession of recreational therapy first established professional membership organizations in the 1940s and 1950s. The most recent national professional membership organization was developed in 1984, when the American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) was formed. The National Academy of Recreational Therapists (NART) was established in 2011 as an honor society to recognize the most accomplished practitioners and educators in recreational therapy and to provide a clearinghouse for the exchange of ideas that would ultimately lead to the advancement of the recreational therapy profession. Efforts to establish NART began in 2009 when David Austin and Ray West drafted a conceptualization of the academy and its operations, as well as proposed a set of by-laws. A steering committee was subsequently established to review and approve by-laws for NART and to establish the Founding Fellows of NART. The central purpose of the Academy was the advancement of recreational therapy by recognition, education, research, scholarly activity, advocacy, and the provision of advice to decision makers. Since its inception NART has established and funded a Future Scholars Fund to support outstanding graduate students considering pursuing a terminal degree, as well as the Marcia Carter Scholarly Manuscript Award for the best annual publication in the Therapeutic Recreation Journal. Over its first 10 years, NART made revisions to its bylaws to refine criteria and categories for Fellows, and by 2021 there were 77 elected Fellows. The invited paper summarizes the first 10 years and considers a number of original goals that remain to be realized to support and advance this honor society.

Estimation of children's CO2 generation rates in naturally ventilated educational buildings

Indoor CO2 concentration serves as an indicator of indoor air quality, which is mainly influenced by occupants' CO2 generation rate, outdoor ventilation rate and outdoor CO2 levels. Determining the CO2 generation rate is fundamental to design effective ventilation systems that ensure good indoor air quality. The ASTM D6245 standard offers a method to estimate human CO2 generation based on sex, age, body mass, and activity level. However, due to the limited number of studies on CO2 generation rate for children and adolescents in daily scholarly activities, accurated values are difficult to estimate. This research uses a stochastic grey box modelling approach to estimate CO2 generation rates in naturally ventilated schools and compares it with the standard approach. This method can address the complexities and variations in real educational environments. The proposed model was verified through an experimental campaign including 32 classrooms with students aged 4, 10, 13 and 16 years. The model provided a detailed description of the indoor CO2 dynamics in 72% of the studied cases. Estimated CO2 generation rates were found to be in line with the expected standard value of between 1.0 MET to 2.0 MET activity levels (7.07–12.65 L/h for a 4-year-old, 9.63–13.29 L/h for a 10-year-old, 14.54–19.32 L/h for a 13-year-old, and 12.11–20.53 L/h for a 16-year-old). These findings not only bridge the gap in children's CO2 generation rates but also introduce a novel approach to assess human CO2 generation rates under uncontrolled conditions.

Issues and Challenges Faced by the Teachers During Integration of Ict in Teaching-learning Process of Darrang District in Assam

In this modern era, it is very important for the students to get opportunities to learn and apply 21st century skills. From many researches, it is found that integration of ICT into scholarly activities improves teaching and learning methods. It encourages and motivates students to participate and enhance learning. The use of ICT in classroom is very important as the world is moving towards the digital era. Therefore the main purpose of the study is to analyze the issues and challenges faced by the teachers in integrating ICT in the classroom. For this study, a quantitative research design with a questionnaire was used to collect the data randomly from 207 schools of Darrang district. But only 100 responses were received. From the data collected, the key challenges were found as limited knowledge of ICT among teachers, limited accessibility, network and electricity, limited technical and pedagogical support, lack of teachers’ training and competency. From the outcome of the study, it is expected that this research provides proper information and recommendation to those responsible for the ICT integration into the school education.

128 Resident training in research fundamentals using an online, asynchronous course

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Scholarly activity is a key component of most residency programs. To establish fundamental research skills and fill gaps within training curricula, we developed an online, asynchronous set of modules to introduce trainees to various topics that are germane to the conduct of research and evaluated its effectiveness in resident research education. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Research 101 was utilized by residents at the Brookdale Hospital Medical Center in Brooklyn, NY. Resident knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction were assessed using pre- and post-module surveys with 5-point Likert scaled questions, open-ended text responses, and a final quiz. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Pre-module survey results indicated that residents were most confident with the Aligning expectations, Introduction to research, and Study design and data analysis basics modules and least confident with the Submitting an Institutional Review Board (IRB) protocol at UC and Presenting your summer research modules. Post-module survey responses increased significantly compared to pre-module results for all modules and learning objectives (p<0.0001). “This module met my needs” was endorsed 91.4% of the time. A final quiz of 25 multiple choice questions resulted in a median score of 23. Content analysis of open-ended post-module survey responses identified multiple strengths and opportunities for improvement in course content and instructional methods. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These data demonstratethat residents can benefit from completion of Research 101, as post-module survey scores were significantly higher than pre-module survey scores for all modules and questions, and final quiz scores were high and highlighted opportunities for additional resident learning.

Barriers to Medical Student Scholarly Activities: A Call to Action.

Barriers to Medical Student Scholarly Activities: A Call to Action.

Comparative study of journal article scholarly activity: Pharmacy practice dual‐degree faculty versus single terminal‐degree faculty members

AbstractObjectiveThe goals of the 2005 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap of the Future of Pharmacy Colleges emphasized the importance of bidirectional information flow in translational research to enhance drug discovery and research. Many dual‐degree programs and pathways have been developed to meet this bidirectional information flow to enhance discovery and research, but limited data exists on the bibliometrics of these dual‐degree Department of Pharmacy Practice faculties. To determine whether dual‐degree programs enhance research, a four‐outcome bibliometric analysis of United States Departments of Pharmacy Practice tenure‐track (DPP‐TT) dual‐degree compared with DPP‐TT single terminal‐degree faculty was conducted over a 10‐year period.MethodsA search of PubMed of DPP‐TT single and dual‐degree faculty from January 10, 2010 to December 31, 2019 was performed. Faculty employed in DPP‐TT were determined through published rosters in the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) rosters or college/school internet sites. Department of Pharmacy Practice faculty members' number of publications, number of citations per publication, h‐index, and NIH iCite weighted Relative Citation Ratio (RCR) value were determined. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance compared dual‐degree with single terminal‐degree DPP faculty data.ResultsNinety‐one institutions employed 348 DPP‐TT dual‐degree faculty that produced 7480 publications compared with 131 institutions with 1805 single terminal‐degree faculty of 12 670 publications. Dual‐degree DPP number of citations per publication (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) was 37.8 ± 86.8 with a journal impact factor (JIF) of 6.4 ± 14.3 compared to single‐degree of 24.7 ± 90.8 (p < 0.001) with a JIF of 4.7 ± 80.8 (p < 0.001). Dual‐degree faculty h‐index was 14.7 ± 12.5 with a mean iCite weighted RCR of 54.8 ± 87.6 compared to single‐degree faculty of 6.5 ± 8.9 (p < 0.001) with an RCR of 22.1 ± 65.3 (p < 0.001).ConclusionDepartment of Pharmacy Practice dual‐degree faculty have significantly higher bibliometrics compared with single‐degree DPP faculty.

Professional Development and Scholarly Activity Weeks to Enhance the Master Adaptive Learner and Foster Future Educators

AbstractOne osteopathic medical school designated 4 weeks per year in the first-year curriculum to Professional Development and Scholarly Activity. The aim of these weeks is to foster the development of Master Adaptive Learners. This metacognitive learning theory promotes adaptive expertise which supports students as educators in a variety of settings.

The Future of Basic Science: Development of the Next Generation of Mechanistic Researchers in Female Pelvic Medicine.

The International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) brought together senior and junior members actively engaged in scholarly and educational activities for a consensus conference centered on developing a strategy for sustainable training of the next generation of mechanistic researchers in female pelvic medicine. Four a priori identified major foci were explored in a half-day virtual consensus conference. Participants included representatives from various countries and disciplines with diverse backgrounds-clinicians, physician-scientists, and basic scientists in the fields of urogynecology, biomechanical engineering, and molecular biology.Following a keynote address, each focus area was first tackled by a dedicated breakout group, led by the Chair(s) of the most relevant IUGA committees. The break-out sessions were followed by an iterative discussion among all attendees to identify mitigating strategies to address the shortage of mechanistic researchers in the field of female pelvic medicine. The major focus areas included: research priorities for IUGA basic science scholar program; viable strategies for sustainable basic science mentorship; core competencies in basic science training; and the challenges of conducting complex mechanistic experiments in low-resource countries. Key gaps in knowledge and core competencies that should be incorporated into fellowship/graduate training were identified, and existing training modalities were discussed. Recommendations were made for pragmatic approaches to increasing the exposure of trainees to learning tools to enable sustainable training of the next generation of basic science researchers in female pelvic medicine worldwide. The attendees presented multiple perspectives to gain consensus regarding critical areas of need for training future generations of mechanistic researchers. Recommendations for a sustainable Basic Science Scholar Program were developed using IUGA as a platform. The overarching goal of such a program is to ensure a successful bench-to-bedside-and-back circuit in Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, ultimately improving lives of millions of women worldwide through scientifically rational effective preventative and therapeutic interventions.

A Novel Points-Based Curriculum for Scholarly Activity

A Novel Points-Based Curriculum for Scholarly Activity

Legal Historians of Russian Diaspora in 1920s—1930s

The article characterizes the activities and legacy of Russian legal historians who found themselves in emigration in European academic centers in the 1920s. Among these researchers are mentioned M. N. Yassinsky, G. V. Demchenko, F. V. Taranovsky, A. V. Soloviev, and M. V. Shakhmatov. It is shown that prior to the revolution, these scholars taught at various universities in Russia, and in emigration they occupied chairs at higher educational institutions in Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. The sources of the study include published works by the scholars, memoirs of emigrants, as well as archival materials of various types from storage facilities in Russia and Slovenia, which are being introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time. The analysis of sources revealed that their establishment in emigration was associated with certain difficulties. On the other hand, the experience gained in Russian universities in studying and teaching the history of Russian and Slavic law helped them integrate into the local academic environment. Only Taranovsky and Shakhmatov to some extent adhered to their previous themes in their scholarly activities, while other scholars changed theirs. It is concluded that this was due to a lack of access to sources and the demands of the courses being taught. At the same time, it is emphasized that there was ideological-methodological unity and awareness of belonging to a particular scientific community. The conclusion is drawn that pre-revolutionary schools of legal history continued to exist in the conditions of European emigration.  

Trends in publication impact of evidence-based healthcare terminology (2013-2022).

This article explored the publication impact of evidence-based healthcare terminology to determine usage and discuss options for low usage terms. A plethora of terms describe the scholarship of evidence-based healthcare. Several terms are synonyms, creating redundancy and confusion. The abundance and overlap of terms may impede the discovery of evidence. This discursive article explored and discussed publication impact of evidence-based healthcare terms. Evidence-based healthcare terms were identified, and their 10-year (2013-2022) publication impact was assessed in the CINAHL and Medline databases. A card sort method was also used to identify terms with low usage. A total of 18/32 terms were included in the review. The terms evidence-based practice, quality improvement, research and translational research were the most highly published terms. Publication data were presented yearly over a 10-year period. Most terms increased in publication use over time, except for three terms whose use decreased. Several terms related to translational research have multiple synonyms. It remains unknown whether these terms are interchangeable and possibly redundant, or if there are nuanced differences between terms. We suggest a follow-up review in 3-5 years to identify publication trends to assess context and terms with continued low publication usage. Terms with persistent low usage should be considered for retirement in the reporting of scholarly activities. Additionally, terms with increasing publication trends should be treated as emerging terms that contribute to evidence-based healthcare terminology. Confusion about the use of appropriate terminology may hinder progress in the scholarship of evidence-based healthcare. We encourage scholars to be aware of publication impact as it relates to the use of specific terminology and be purposeful in the selection of terms used in scholarly projects and publications.

Shariʿa and Governance in Ottoman Egypt: The Waqf Controversy in the Mid-Sixteenth Century

Abstract In the mid-16th century, the Ottoman government sought to expand its tax revenue from Egypt through a controversial initiative to levy taxes on endowments (waqf). The controversy produced a diverse range of responses from Ottoman scholar-bureaucrats, such as Ebussuud Efendi, who supported the initiative; Egyptian scholars, including Ibn Nujaym and al-Ghayti, who opposed it; and the Ottoman governor, who worked to resolve it. Despite the opposing positions of the diverse actors, shariʿa served as the common medium for the articulation and negotiation of their opinions and helped produce a compromise that became foundational for the Ottoman tax regime in Egypt. In this episode, shariʿa constituted an instrument of governance. Such a role for shariʿa differs from its conception as an autonomous field of scholarly interpretation, or the understanding of it as an inclusive normative system encompassing rules emerging from both the interpretative activities of scholars and the definitive edicts and orders of rulers. Shariʿa did not constitute the endpoint of rulemaking; rather, it provided the shared language of terms and concepts through which different actors participated in the process of formulating rules.

Rapid increase in departmental scholarly activity independent of residents demonstrates reproducibility and success of intensive research initiative in neurosurgery department

Background: Neurological surgery remains one of the most competitive specialties with a match rate of <70%. Historically, medical student performance was gauged through the USMLE Step 1. However, with the recent exam score change, metrics such as recommendation letters, research, and clerkship grades carry increased importance. Research experiences vary greatly between institutions and medical students depend on faculty/resident mentorship in order to facilitate scholarly activity. We previously reported our 2-year intensive research initiative (IRI) in a neurosurgery program. Here we report successful implementation of the IRI in a disparate setting, a department devoid of residents, and demonstrate the IRI's reproducibility with non-resident learners.Materials & Methods: We compared retrospective data from 2007 to 2020 with the IRI's results during the 2-year study period (July 2020–July 2022).Results: The IRI resulted in a rapid exponential increase in publications, with medical student led peer-reviewed publications (PRPs) increasing 1000% and pre-residency fellow (PRF) PRPs increasing by 4900%. Learner involvement on PRPs pre-IRI was 31%, increasing to 72% post-IRI implementation.Conclusions: We present the IRI's success increasing academic productivity despite utilizing only non-resident learners. Students underrepresented in medicine and those at non-tier 1 institutions receive unequal research and clinical opportunities, therefore, prioritizing and providing sufficient opportunities/mentorship is crucial in their success in matching into competitive specialties. Our IRI allows for early faculty/resident student mentorship and gives students more flexibility as it allows medical students at varying stages to participate in research with no set time frame.

Gender differences in scholarly productivity of early-career transfusion medicine physicians.

Promotion in academic medicine requires evidence of the creation and dissemination of scholarly output, primarily through peer-reviewed publications. Studies demonstrate that scholarly activity and impact are lower for women physicians than for men physicians, especially during the early stages of their academic careers. This report reviewed physicians' academic productivity after passing their Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine (BBTM) subspecialty exam to determine if gender discrepancies exist. A cross-sectional analysis was designed to determine trends in scholarly activity for women physicians versus men physicians in BBTM. Indexed publications were reviewed using iCite, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Portfolio Analysis tool, from 1 January 2017 to 1 December 2021, for BBTM examinees who passed the sub-speciality fellowship exam in the years 2016 through 2018. Overall, women physicians had statistically significant fewer total career publications (median 6 vs. 9 cumulative papers, p = 0.03). Women published at a lower rate after passing BBTM boards, which was not statistically significant (0.7 vs. 1.3 publications per year). Other statistically significant findings include fewer early-career BBTM women physicians were first authors compared with men physicians (p = 0.03) and impact as assessed by relative citation ratio was higher for men (p = 0.01). This study demonstrates that there are gender differences in scholarly productivity and impact on early-career BBTM physicians. Given that this cohort of BBTM physicians are early-career professionals, the significant difference in first authorship publications between women and men physicians is especially concerning. Publication metrics should be followed to ensure equitable research environments for early-career BBTM physicians.

Barriers towards research activities among academics in the chartered accountancy stream at the North-West University, South Africa

Generally, departments of accounting at universities in South Africa that are accredited by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) mainly focus on teaching the syllabus as prescribed by the Institute. There is no research methodology module in this syllabus neither at undergraduate nor honours level. To qualify as a chartered accountant, one needs to pass an honours degree in accounting and write and pass two board exams. A qualified chartered accountant (CA/SA) will most likely encounter a research methodology module for the first time at master’s-degree level. Since 2008, in addition to teaching and learning and community engagement, the departments of accounting have embraced their scholarly activities, which include supervision and/or publishing. As a result, there is an increased effort by the departments of accounting to have its staff members with a chartered accountancy qualification to enrol for master’s and doctoral degrees (De Jager, Lubbe, Papageorgiou 2018). It is commonly believed that it seems easier to supervise students or write articles after attaining these qualifications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers that are encountered by academics from a chartered accountancy background to engage in scholarly activities willingly. A qualitative research approach was followed in this study and data was collected by means of interviews. The population was accounting academics at the North-West University. The analysis of data was done qualitatively by means of thematic analysis. The findings revealed barriers such as not knowing where to start due to lack of background or knowledge in conducting research, time, workload, lack of management and lack of access to experienced mentors.

METHODS FOR SATELLITE DERIVED BATHYMETRY FROM SENTINEL-2 IMAGES: A COMPARISON

Abstract. In recent decades, research has been developed to estimate near-shore bathymetry depth values using satellite imagery. Visible and infrared bands are used to derive elevation profile estimates, so to obtain bathymetric in rapid way without mobilisation of persons or equipment and saving the costs. For consequence, Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SDB) is seen as a valid approach for shallow waters survey: strongly supported by the activity of scholars and researchers, multiple methods are available in the literature. This article aims to investigate and compare different SDB methods for sea depth extraction from Sentinel-2 satellite multispectral images, with particular attention to the accuracy of the results. The experiments are conducted on imagery including Blue, Green, Red and Near Infrared bands, with 10 m resolution, concerning the Bay of Pozzuoli (Italy). After removing the glint, the effects caused by the reflection of sunlight through single scattering from sea surface, three methods are applied: Band Ratio method (BRM), 3rd-degree polynomial regression line method (3DPM), and principal component analysis method (PCAM). 3DPM can be seen as a variant of the BRM where the linear law that interprets the correlation between the band ratio values and the depth values is replaced by the third order function. Models are trained using depth data extracted from an Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) at 1:7,500 scale, which is also used to verify result accuracy. The experiments demonstrate that the 3DPM is better able to obtain a more precise bathymetric model, confirming the greater adaptability of the 3rd order function to interpretate the variability of the interaction of light with water along the water column.

Attitudes toward research and scholarly activities among medical laboratory science professionals in the United States.

Medical laboratory science (MLS) professionals play a crucial role in health care teams. However, research culture in the profession has not been well developed or studied. It is necessary to characterize attitudes toward research and scholarly activities among MLS professionals and identify ways to promote research in the profession. A cross-sectional survey was administered through American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science channels. Survey responses were summarized using descriptive statistics, and linear regression models were constructed to identify characteristics that predicted 2 research attitudes: "valuing the role of research" and "perceived research environment" in the profession. Of the 116 MLS professionals in this study, 53% reported currently participating in research activities. Opinions toward research were generally positive, although many respondents were not currently conducting research. Individuals with education and research practice focuses tended to place greater value on research, and education level was a significant predictor of perceived research environment. Dedicated research time and mentorship were cited as effective ways for employers to promote research in MLS. Overall, respondents had favorable attitudes toward research in MLS, but approximately half of participants noted a lack of incentives to conduct research. This study highlights several initiatives that may be effective for promoting increased research activity among MLS professionals.